PIRA 2B40.00 DENSITY AND BUOYANCY

DCS #DEMONSTRATIONREFERENCEABSTRACT
2B40.00Density and Buoyancy
2B40.10weigh submerged blockPIRA 200Lower a 3 Kg block of aluminum suspended from a spring scale into water and note the new weight.
2B40.10weigh submerged block2B40.10Suspend a 3 Kg block of aluminum from a spring scale and then lower the block into water and note the new weight.
2B40.11loss of weight in waterFg-4An aluminum block on a spring scale is lowered into a beaker of water tared on a platform balance.
2B40.12reaction balance8-1.8A beaker of water tared on a balance is displaced when an empty test tube is immersed.
2B40.13weigh submerged block16-2.4Immerse a lead block suspended from a counterweighted balance in a beaker of water on a counterweighted platform balance and then transfer a weight to bring the system back into equilibrium.
2B40.14buoyant forcePIRA 1000
2B40.14buoyant forceDisc 12-11A weight suspended from a spring scale is lowered into a beaker of water suspended from a spring scale.
2B40.15finger in beakerPIRA 1000
2B40.15finger in beaker on balance2B40.15
2B40.17improved hydrobalanceAJP 52(2),184An improvement of the Nicholson hydrometer.
2B40.17Nicholson balanceFg-7A float that allows determination of loss of weight in water very accurately.
2B40.18board & weightsPIRA 1000
2B40.18board & weights float2B40.18
2B40.18board and weights floatDisc 12-13A board sinks equal amounts as equal weights are added.
2B40.20Archimedes' principlePIRA 200Suspend a pail and weight from a spring scale, lower the weight into water, collect the overflow, pour it into the pail.
2B40.20Archimedes' principle2B40.20A mass and bucket of the same volume hang from a spring scale. Lower the mass into water, catch the overflow, and pour the overflow into the bucket.
2B40.20Archimedes' principleFg-1A cylinder and bucket of the same volume hang from a scale. Immerse the cylinder in water, catch the runoff, pour it back into the bucket.
2B40.20Archimedes' principleM-283Hang a cylinder turned to fit closely inside a bucket from the bottom of the bucket while suspended from the bottom of a balance. Immerse the cylinder in water and then pour water into the bucket.
2B40.20Archimedes' principleM-20cThe four step Archimedes' principle with a close fitting cylinder and bucket.
2B40.20Archimedes' principleDisc 12-12Suspend a pail and weight from a spring scale, lower the weight into water, collect the overflow, pour it into the pail.
2B40.21Archimedes' principleM-284A beaker with a spout is tared on a balance. As an object is lowered into the water, the overflow is run into a beaker on the table and the balance remains in equilibrium. Also, the instructor puts a hand into a beaker of water in a tared platform balance.
2B40.22Archimedes' - historical discussionAJP 50(11),968Archimedes did not experience buoyancy, only how to measure volume.
2B40.22Archimedes - historical discussonAJP 50(11),968Volume uncertainties make it impossible to show adulteration.
2B40.22Archimedes' original experimentAJP 50(6),491Letter that cautions against misunderstanding Archimedes' crown solution.
2B40.25battleship in a bathtubPIRA 1000
2B40.25float a battleship in a cup of waterFg-5A small amount of water floats a wood block shaped to just fit in a graduate.
2B40.25float a battleship in a cup of water16-2.5A juice can with ballast floats in a 1000 ml graduate. Also - sink the can and look at the water level.
2B40.25float a battleship in a cup of water16-2.6Float a 2500 g can in 500 g water.
2B40.25battleship in bathtubDisc 12-17A block of wood is floated in rectangular container.
2B40.26ship empty and full2B40.26Add mass to an empty model boat and show pictures of a ship empty and full.
2B40.26battleship in a bathtub2B40.26Same as TPT 28(7),510.
2B40.26battleship in a bathtubTPT 28(7),510Will a cup three quarters full float in a cup one quarter full?
2B40.27ship pictures full & emptyPIRA 1000
2B40.30Cartesian diverPIRA 200Push on a diaphram at the top of a large graduate or squeeze a stoppered whisky flask to make the diver sink.
2B40.30Cartesian diver2B40.30A whiskey bottle version and a large bottle with a rubber bulb version of the Cartesian diver.
2B40.30cartesian diver "tricks"AJP 48(4),320Try a sharp blow on the countertop, prepare the diver with water warmer than room temp and allow it to cool during the class, set the diver so it will remain on the bottom after squeezing.
2B40.30Cartesian diverAJP 49(1),92Squeeze the flat sides to sink the diver, squeeze the narrow sides to raise the diver.
2B40.30Cartesian diver - toysAJP 51(5),475A review of two Cartesian diver toys.
2B40.30Cartesian diverFg-6Push on a diaphragm at the top of a large graduate or squeeze a stoppered whisky flask to make the diver sink.
2B40.30Cartesian diverM-320An inverted test tube diver in a jar.
2B40.30Cartesian diverM-321A small vial Cartesian diver submerged by squeezing the bottle.
2B40.30Cartesian diverDisc 12-22A buoyant bottle in a water column.
2B40.31double cartesian diverAJP 49(12),1185
2B40.33Cartesian diverM-20a.2The picture is unclear, but the diver is in a graduate.
2B40.34Cartesian matchesTPT 28(7),478Insert matches with the head down.
2B40.35hydrometersPIRA 1000
2B40.37buoyant force modelAJP 49(5),507A Plexiglas container of agitated plastic spheres forms a "fluid" in which various objects sink or float.
2B40.40buoyancy of airPIRA 500
2B40.40buoyancy of air2B40.40A brass weight counterbalanced by a aluminum sphere filled with air is placed in a bell jar.
2B40.40buoyancy of airFg-3A balance with a brass weight and a hollow sphere is placed in a bell jar and evacuated.
2B40.40buoyancy of air16-2.10A toilet tank float is balanced against brass weights in air and in a vacuum.
2B40.40buoyancy of airM-327A glass ball is balanced with a brass weight in a bell jar and then the air is pumped out.
2B40.40buoyancy of airM-22cThe Leybold buoyancy of air apparatus.
2B40.42buoyancy balloonPIRA 1000
2B40.42buoyancy balloon2B40.42Place a balloon with some powered dry ice on a balance. Tare, and watch as the balloon expands.
2B40.42buoyancy balloonAJP 48(4),319Fill a balloon with dry ice, seal it, place it on a scale, and watch the weight decrease as the balloon inflates. Also determine the volume by immersion.
2B40.43helium balloon in a glass jarPIRA 1000
2B40.43helium balloon in glass jarDisc 12-20A helium balloon floats in an inverted container but sinks when the container is filled with helium.
2B40.44helium balloon in liquid nitrogenPIRA 1000
2B40.44helium balloon in liquid nitrogenDisc 12-21Cool a helium balloon to decrease its volume and it will no longer float.
2B40.45weight of airPIRA 1000
2B40.45weight of air2B40.45
2B40.45weight of air in a tire16-4.3A inflated tire is suspended from a heavy duty spring and the air is let out.
2B40.45weight of airM-315Place a large evacuated glass flask on a balance, then let air in and note the increased weight.
2B40.45density of airM-22aA one liter flask is tared on a balance, then pumped out and the loss of weight is about one gram.
2B40.45weight of airDisc 12-10A glass sphere is weighed on a pan balance, then evacuated and weighed again.
2B40.46density of hot and cold airM-22e.1Heat one of two cans hanging from a balance.
2B40.47CO2 balloon method density of airTPT 28(6),406Use CO2 from carbonated water to fill a balloon for use in measuring the density of air.
2B40.50liquid density comparison16-4.4Put one branch of a "Y" tube in brine and the other in colored water and suck.
2B40.51specific gravity of fluidsFh-2Water and an unknown liquid are raised to different heights in vertical tubes by a common low pressure.
2B40.53water and mercury "U" tubePIRA 1000
2B40.53comparison of fluid densitiesFh-1A "J" tube with mercury in the short side and another fluid in the longer.
2B40.53water and mercury u-tubeDisc 12-06Water and mercury rise to different heights in a "J" tube.
2B40.54buoyancy in various liquidsPIRA 1000
2B40.54buoyancy in various liquidsDisc 12-18Iron, bakelite, and wood are dropped into a column containing mercury, carbon tetrachloride, and water.
2B40.56floating square barPIRA 1000
2B40.56floating square barDisc 12-19A long bar floats in one orientation in alcohol and switches to another orientation when water is added.
2B40.59density ballPIRA 1000
2B40.59buoyancy of hot and cold waterFg-2A hydrometer is made so it sinks in warm water and floats in cold.
2B40.59density ballDisc 12-15A metal sphere barely floats in cold water and sinks in hot water.
2B40.60hydrometerPIRA 1000
2B40.60hydrometersM-286A constant weight hydrometer, constant volume hydrometer (Nicholson), and Mohr-Westphal balance are used with liquids of various density.
2B40.60hydrometerDisc 12-09A hydrometer is placed in water, then in alcohol.
2B40.61different density woodsPIRA 1000
2B40.61different density woodsDisc 12-14Float blocks of balsa, pine, and ironwood in water.
2B40.62density of woodM-20a.3Place a wood dowel in a graduate.
2B40.65spherical oil dropFi-12Olive oil forms a large spherical drop in a stratified mixture of alcohol and water.
2B40.65large drop16-5.7A large drop of water is formed in a mixture of benzene and carbon disulfide. Picture.
2B40.65equidensity bubblesM-238Blow a soap bubble with air and then gas to give a bubble of the same density as the surrounding air.
2B40.65equidensity dropsM-245A beaker of water has a layer of salt solution on the bottom. Place a drop of mineral oil on top and pipette in some colored salt solution. The drop in an oil sac sinks to the interface.
2B40.65equidensity dropsM-246A globule of oil floats at the interface in a bottle half full of water with alcohol on top.
2B40.65equidensity dropsM-244Aniline forms equidense and immiscible drops when placed in 25 C water. Pour 80 ml in cool water and heat.
2B40.65equidensity dropsM-243Orthotoluidine has the same density as water at 24 C and is immiscible.
2B40.66kerosene/carbon tet. mixtures16-2.8Kerosene and carbon tetrachloride can be mixed to give .9 g/cc to 1.6 g/cc densities.
2B40.67chloroform bubbles16-2.21Chloroform bubbles formed by heating a layer of chloroform covered by a lot of water move up and down.
2B40.70lifting power of balloonsM-328Fill balloons to the same diameter with different gases and show difference in lifting power.
2B40.71floating and densityM-285A tall tube is filled with several immiscible liquids of various densities. Solid objects are inserted that will float at the various interfaces. ALSO, Drop an egg in a tall jar of water and add a handful of salt.
2B40.72adding saltM-20a.4Salt is added to a beaker of water to make a density ball float.
2B40.73kerosene and water16-2.7Float a test tube in water, kerosene, and a combination.
2B40.74freon and airTPT 1(2),82Fill a pan with freon and float a balloon on it to show the difference in density with air.
2B40.75pouring gasesM-316Pour sulfuric ether or carbon dioxide into one of two beakers on a platform balance. Shadow projection may be used to make it visible.
2B40.76gasoline vaporsM-317A teaspoon of gas placed at the top on a model staircase with a candle at the bottom.
2B40.80sticking to the bottom16-2.11Push a rubber stopper that floats on mercury down and squeeze out the mercury between the dish and the stopper.

ReferenceDescription
M-1Sutton
Ma-1Freier & Anderson
M-1dHilton
8-2.8Meiners
1A12.01University of Minnesota Handbook
AJP 52(1),85American Journal of Physics
TPT 15(5),300The Physics Teacher
Disc 01-01The Video Encyclopedia of Physics Demonstrations

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