| DCS # | DEMONSTRATION | REFERENCE | ABSTRACT |
|---|
| 2B40.00 | Density and Buoyancy | | |
| 2B40.10 | weigh submerged block | PIRA 200 | Lower a 3 Kg block of aluminum suspended from a spring scale into water and note the new weight. |
| 2B40.10 | weigh submerged block | 2B40.10 | Suspend a 3 Kg block of aluminum from a spring scale and then lower the block into water and note the new weight. |
| 2B40.11 | loss of weight in water | Fg-4 | An aluminum block on a spring scale is lowered into a beaker of water tared on a platform balance. |
| 2B40.12 | reaction balance | 8-1.8 | A beaker of water tared on a balance is displaced when an empty test tube is immersed. |
| 2B40.13 | weigh submerged block | 16-2.4 | Immerse a lead block suspended from a counterweighted balance in a beaker of water on a counterweighted platform balance and then transfer a weight to bring the system back into equilibrium. |
| 2B40.14 | buoyant force | PIRA 1000 | |
| 2B40.14 | buoyant force | Disc 12-11 | A weight suspended from a spring scale is lowered into a beaker of water suspended from a spring scale. |
| 2B40.15 | finger in beaker | PIRA 1000 | |
| 2B40.15 | finger in beaker on balance | 2B40.15 | |
| 2B40.17 | improved hydrobalance | AJP 52(2),184 | An improvement of the Nicholson hydrometer. |
| 2B40.17 | Nicholson balance | Fg-7 | A float that allows determination of loss of weight in water very accurately. |
| 2B40.18 | board & weights | PIRA 1000 | |
| 2B40.18 | board & weights float | 2B40.18 | |
| 2B40.18 | board and weights float | Disc 12-13 | A board sinks equal amounts as equal weights are added. |
| 2B40.20 | Archimedes' principle | PIRA 200 | Suspend a pail and weight from a spring scale, lower the weight into water, collect the overflow, pour it into the pail. |
| 2B40.20 | Archimedes' principle | 2B40.20 | A mass and bucket of the same volume hang from a spring scale. Lower the mass into water, catch the overflow, and pour the overflow into the bucket. |
| 2B40.20 | Archimedes' principle | Fg-1 | A cylinder and bucket of the same volume hang from a scale. Immerse the cylinder in water, catch the runoff, pour it back into the bucket. |
| 2B40.20 | Archimedes' principle | M-283 | Hang a cylinder turned to fit closely inside a bucket from the bottom of the bucket while suspended from the bottom of a balance. Immerse the cylinder in water and then pour water into the bucket. |
| 2B40.20 | Archimedes' principle | M-20c | The four step Archimedes' principle with a close fitting cylinder and bucket. |
| 2B40.20 | Archimedes' principle | Disc 12-12 | Suspend a pail and weight from a spring scale, lower the weight into water, collect the overflow, pour it into the pail. |
| 2B40.21 | Archimedes' principle | M-284 | A beaker with a spout is tared on a balance. As an object is lowered into the water, the overflow is run into a beaker on the table and the balance remains in equilibrium. Also, the instructor puts a hand into a beaker of water in a tared platform balance. |
| 2B40.22 | Archimedes' - historical discussion | AJP 50(11),968 | Archimedes did not experience buoyancy, only how to measure volume. |
| 2B40.22 | Archimedes - historical discusson | AJP 50(11),968 | Volume uncertainties make it impossible to show adulteration. |
| 2B40.22 | Archimedes' original experiment | AJP 50(6),491 | Letter that cautions against misunderstanding Archimedes' crown solution. |
| 2B40.25 | battleship in a bathtub | PIRA 1000 | |
| 2B40.25 | float a battleship in a cup of water | Fg-5 | A small amount of water floats a wood block shaped to just fit in a graduate. |
| 2B40.25 | float a battleship in a cup of water | 16-2.5 | A juice can with ballast floats in a 1000 ml graduate. Also - sink the can and look at the water level. |
| 2B40.25 | float a battleship in a cup of water | 16-2.6 | Float a 2500 g can in 500 g water. |
| 2B40.25 | battleship in bathtub | Disc 12-17 | A block of wood is floated in rectangular container. |
| 2B40.26 | ship empty and full | 2B40.26 | Add mass to an empty model boat and show pictures of a ship empty and full. |
| 2B40.26 | battleship in a bathtub | 2B40.26 | Same as TPT 28(7),510. |
| 2B40.26 | battleship in a bathtub | TPT 28(7),510 | Will a cup three quarters full float in a cup one quarter full? |
| 2B40.27 | ship pictures full & empty | PIRA 1000 | |
| 2B40.30 | Cartesian diver | PIRA 200 | Push on a diaphram at the top of a large graduate or squeeze a stoppered whisky flask to make the diver sink. |
| 2B40.30 | Cartesian diver | 2B40.30 | A whiskey bottle version and a large bottle with a rubber bulb version of the Cartesian diver. |
| 2B40.30 | cartesian diver "tricks" | AJP 48(4),320 | Try a sharp blow on the countertop, prepare the diver with water warmer than room temp and allow it to cool during the class, set the diver so it will remain on the bottom after squeezing. |
| 2B40.30 | Cartesian diver | AJP 49(1),92 | Squeeze the flat sides to sink the diver, squeeze the narrow sides to raise the diver. |
| 2B40.30 | Cartesian diver - toys | AJP 51(5),475 | A review of two Cartesian diver toys. |
| 2B40.30 | Cartesian diver | Fg-6 | Push on a diaphragm at the top of a large graduate or squeeze a stoppered whisky flask to make the diver sink. |
| 2B40.30 | Cartesian diver | M-320 | An inverted test tube diver in a jar. |
| 2B40.30 | Cartesian diver | M-321 | A small vial Cartesian diver submerged by squeezing the bottle. |
| 2B40.30 | Cartesian diver | Disc 12-22 | A buoyant bottle in a water column. |
| 2B40.31 | double cartesian diver | AJP 49(12),1185 | |
| 2B40.33 | Cartesian diver | M-20a.2 | The picture is unclear, but the diver is in a graduate. |
| 2B40.34 | Cartesian matches | TPT 28(7),478 | Insert matches with the head down. |
| 2B40.35 | hydrometers | PIRA 1000 | |
| 2B40.37 | buoyant force model | AJP 49(5),507 | A Plexiglas container of agitated plastic spheres forms a "fluid" in which various objects sink or float. |
| 2B40.40 | buoyancy of air | PIRA 500 | |
| 2B40.40 | buoyancy of air | 2B40.40 | A brass weight counterbalanced by a aluminum sphere filled with air is placed in a bell jar. |
| 2B40.40 | buoyancy of air | Fg-3 | A balance with a brass weight and a hollow sphere is placed in a bell jar and evacuated. |
| 2B40.40 | buoyancy of air | 16-2.10 | A toilet tank float is balanced against brass weights in air and in a vacuum. |
| 2B40.40 | buoyancy of air | M-327 | A glass ball is balanced with a brass weight in a bell jar and then the air is pumped out. |
| 2B40.40 | buoyancy of air | M-22c | The Leybold buoyancy of air apparatus. |
| 2B40.42 | buoyancy balloon | PIRA 1000 | |
| 2B40.42 | buoyancy balloon | 2B40.42 | Place a balloon with some powered dry ice on a balance. Tare, and watch as the balloon expands. |
| 2B40.42 | buoyancy balloon | AJP 48(4),319 | Fill a balloon with dry ice, seal it, place it on a scale, and watch the weight decrease as the balloon inflates. Also determine the volume by immersion. |
| 2B40.43 | helium balloon in a glass jar | PIRA 1000 | |
| 2B40.43 | helium balloon in glass jar | Disc 12-20 | A helium balloon floats in an inverted container but sinks when the container is filled with helium. |
| 2B40.44 | helium balloon in liquid nitrogen | PIRA 1000 | |
| 2B40.44 | helium balloon in liquid nitrogen | Disc 12-21 | Cool a helium balloon to decrease its volume and it will no longer float. |
| 2B40.45 | weight of air | PIRA 1000 | |
| 2B40.45 | weight of air | 2B40.45 | |
| 2B40.45 | weight of air in a tire | 16-4.3 | A inflated tire is suspended from a heavy duty spring and the air is let out. |
| 2B40.45 | weight of air | M-315 | Place a large evacuated glass flask on a balance, then let air in and note the increased weight. |
| 2B40.45 | density of air | M-22a | A one liter flask is tared on a balance, then pumped out and the loss of weight is about one gram. |
| 2B40.45 | weight of air | Disc 12-10 | A glass sphere is weighed on a pan balance, then evacuated and weighed again. |
| 2B40.46 | density of hot and cold air | M-22e.1 | Heat one of two cans hanging from a balance. |
| 2B40.47 | CO2 balloon method density of air | TPT 28(6),406 | Use CO2 from carbonated water to fill a balloon for use in measuring the density of air. |
| 2B40.50 | liquid density comparison | 16-4.4 | Put one branch of a "Y" tube in brine and the other in colored water and suck. |
| 2B40.51 | specific gravity of fluids | Fh-2 | Water and an unknown liquid are raised to different heights in vertical tubes by a common low pressure. |
| 2B40.53 | water and mercury "U" tube | PIRA 1000 | |
| 2B40.53 | comparison of fluid densities | Fh-1 | A "J" tube with mercury in the short side and another fluid in the longer. |
| 2B40.53 | water and mercury u-tube | Disc 12-06 | Water and mercury rise to different heights in a "J" tube. |
| 2B40.54 | buoyancy in various liquids | PIRA 1000 | |
| 2B40.54 | buoyancy in various liquids | Disc 12-18 | Iron, bakelite, and wood are dropped into a column containing mercury, carbon tetrachloride, and water. |
| 2B40.56 | floating square bar | PIRA 1000 | |
| 2B40.56 | floating square bar | Disc 12-19 | A long bar floats in one orientation in alcohol and switches to another orientation when water is added. |
| 2B40.59 | density ball | PIRA 1000 | |
| 2B40.59 | buoyancy of hot and cold water | Fg-2 | A hydrometer is made so it sinks in warm water and floats in cold. |
| 2B40.59 | density ball | Disc 12-15 | A metal sphere barely floats in cold water and sinks in hot water. |
| 2B40.60 | hydrometer | PIRA 1000 | |
| 2B40.60 | hydrometers | M-286 | A constant weight hydrometer, constant volume hydrometer (Nicholson), and Mohr-Westphal balance are used with liquids of various density. |
| 2B40.60 | hydrometer | Disc 12-09 | A hydrometer is placed in water, then in alcohol. |
| 2B40.61 | different density woods | PIRA 1000 | |
| 2B40.61 | different density woods | Disc 12-14 | Float blocks of balsa, pine, and ironwood in water. |
| 2B40.62 | density of wood | M-20a.3 | Place a wood dowel in a graduate. |
| 2B40.65 | spherical oil drop | Fi-12 | Olive oil forms a large spherical drop in a stratified mixture of alcohol and water. |
| 2B40.65 | large drop | 16-5.7 | A large drop of water is formed in a mixture of benzene and carbon disulfide. Picture. |
| 2B40.65 | equidensity bubbles | M-238 | Blow a soap bubble with air and then gas to give a bubble of the same density as the surrounding air. |
| 2B40.65 | equidensity drops | M-245 | A beaker of water has a layer of salt solution on the bottom. Place a drop of mineral oil on top and pipette in some colored salt solution. The drop in an oil sac sinks to the interface. |
| 2B40.65 | equidensity drops | M-246 | A globule of oil floats at the interface in a bottle half full of water with alcohol on top. |
| 2B40.65 | equidensity drops | M-244 | Aniline forms equidense and immiscible drops when placed in 25 C water. Pour 80 ml in cool water and heat. |
| 2B40.65 | equidensity drops | M-243 | Orthotoluidine has the same density as water at 24 C and is immiscible. |
| 2B40.66 | kerosene/carbon tet. mixtures | 16-2.8 | Kerosene and carbon tetrachloride can be mixed to give .9 g/cc to 1.6 g/cc densities. |
| 2B40.67 | chloroform bubbles | 16-2.21 | Chloroform bubbles formed by heating a layer of chloroform covered by a lot of water move up and down. |
| 2B40.70 | lifting power of balloons | M-328 | Fill balloons to the same diameter with different gases and show difference in lifting power. |
| 2B40.71 | floating and density | M-285 | A tall tube is filled with several immiscible liquids of various densities. Solid objects are inserted that will float at the various interfaces. ALSO, Drop an egg in a tall jar of water and add a handful of salt. |
| 2B40.72 | adding salt | M-20a.4 | Salt is added to a beaker of water to make a density ball float. |
| 2B40.73 | kerosene and water | 16-2.7 | Float a test tube in water, kerosene, and a combination. |
| 2B40.74 | freon and air | TPT 1(2),82 | Fill a pan with freon and float a balloon on it to show the difference in density with air. |
| 2B40.75 | pouring gases | M-316 | Pour sulfuric ether or carbon dioxide into one of two beakers on a platform balance. Shadow projection may be used to make it visible. |
| 2B40.76 | gasoline vapors | M-317 | A teaspoon of gas placed at the top on a model staircase with a candle at the bottom. |
| 2B40.80 | sticking to the bottom | 16-2.11 | Push a rubber stopper that floats on mercury down and squeeze out the mercury between the dish and the stopper. |