Opening (Bailiff [Mic #?], Peter [Mic #?, Sprott [Mic #?])
Motion (Steph Kubala) [Mic #?]
Sound (Akire Trestrail) [Mic #?]
Electricity (Mike Randall) [Mic #?]
Magnetism / E&M (Andrew Seltzman) [Mic #?]
Magnetism (Michael Winokur) [Mic #?]
Light (Marty Lichtman) [Mic #?]
32nd Annual Presentation
“The Laws of Physics”
Audio: Science Songs
(ON A&C) - Cameras 5 & 6: {Crowd Shots on A & C }
{{ Intro PPT Show Needs to be made }}
(ON B) - RGB {T1 Computer 1}: Optional PPT intro
{including posters of “WANTED For Violating the Laws Of Physics: Prof. C. Sprott” and various pictures of “The Mastermind and his Henchpersons at Work”}
{WANTED POSTER ON FRONT SCREEN}
{Mute all MIC’s as Bailiff walks out}
Bailiff (Marty): Welcome to the (268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277) presentation of The Wonders of Physics... Before the trial (show?) begins, I would like to assure you that we make all of our demonstrations as safe as possible provided you remain in your seats.
{Peter enters stage right dressed in a judicial robe and takes a seat at the bench.}
Bailiff (Marty): All rise. Hear ye! Hear ye! The Court of Physics is now in session, the Honorable Judge Peter J. Weix presiding…
(ON B) - RGB {Lec Computer 1}: PPT SLIDE #2 - WANTED POSTER
Peter: (You may be seated.) Professor Sprott has been accused OF !!!
{{ Pause for Audio: DunDunDuuun }}
..Breaking the laws of physics, and we intend to put him on trial for his crimes. BRING ME PROFESSOR SPROTT!
Lights: Spotlight Searching the stage for Sprott & Red Flashing light at Exits…..
Audio: WOP Theme & Siren {Re-Edit and add Crash}
{Combined - Theme music with siren for 35 sec.}
{Sprott enters stage left and runs across the stage chased by Andrew with a fish net, exiting stage right. Moments later, Sprott re-enters stage right chased by Steph with a hook on a pole, exiting stage left. Moments later Sprott re-enters stage left escorted by Andrew and Steph. Theme music ends with Sprott center stage. Lights come up, and we are back in the courtroom.}
Sprott: Welcome to The Wonders of Physics!
I have been accused of breaking the laws of physics, but that isn’t true, and I’m here to defend myself. I’ve asked some of my trusted assistants to serve as expert witnesses, and I’d like you to be the jury and decide for yourself whether I’m guilty or innocent.
{{ Slide Needs work }}
(ON B) - RGB {Lec Computer 1}: PPT SLIDE #4- Law of Gravity---?(Sprott upside down)?
Peter: Professor Sprott, you have been accused of breaking Newton’s Law of Gravity in several demonstrations we saw you do. How do you plead?
Sprott: I’m innocent Your Honor, and if it pleases the court, I’d like to call my first witness to explain why. I call to the stand Dr. Stephicus…
{Steph enters and takes a seat on the witness stand}
Audio: Theme Perry Mason-short
(Que ) - Camera 6: {2 Beakers} & {Polyethylene}
Sprott: Please state your name and occupation.
Steph: I am Herr Doctor Professor Stephicus Macmillian Augustus Winchester IV, and I am THE authority on the laws of physics
.
Peter: Now hold on, I’m the authority in this court room.
Steph: I think not, my good Sir. Why I understand equations, both the simple and quadratical.
(ON B) - RGB {Lec Computer 1}: PPT SLIDE #6 - {{x = [ -b ± √(b2-4ac) ] / 2a }}
Peter: Well I know how to do that! x = [ -b ± √(b2-4ac) ] / 2a Huzzah!
{Increasingly snooty}
Steph: And how then are you at integral and differential calculus?
Peter: Well I ah, I’m a bit rusty.
{Increasingly snooty}
Steph: How do you expect to command respect if you don’t know your maths? Sir, I am an expert in conics and peculiarities parabolous!
Stenographer: “Excuse Me!!!” … Could the witness please spell that?
Steph’s Response: Sure, T - H - A - T!
Stenographer: Thank you.
Peter: And I’d better hit the books! Just give your testimony!
Sprott: On February 21, 1988, did you or did you not on see me do a demonstration in which a liquid crawled up the side of a beaker and over the rim?
{{ Slide Needs to be made }}
{WOP Photos of Non-Newtonian Fluid demo -- Polyethylene Oxide.}
(ON B) - RGB {Lec Computer 1}: PPT SLIDE #8 -- Polyethylene Oxide Demo Photos
Steph: I was not even born then!
Peter: And I wasn’t born yesterday! Can you show us why that does not defy the Law of Gravity?
Steph: Sure! Let’s take a look at that demo again.
(Que ) - Camera 6: {2 Beakers} & {Polyethylene}
Steph: Normally, when we’re dealing with a fluid we’re dealing with something like water. If we pour water from one beaker to the other we need to keep the beaker tilted if we want the fluid to continue coming out of the beaker.
Demo: {Two Beakers of Water}
{ No TaDa }
Steph: We call water a Newtonian fluid, but here we have a non-Newtonian fluid. Non-newtonian fluids behave differently from Newtonian fluids.
Note: {Ours isn’t working. Maynard is making another batch. Most likely will NOT be ready for the 1st weekend’s shows ;-( }
Demo: {Non-Newtonian fluid - Polyethylene Oxide}
Steph: This gel consists of long chains of molecules called a polymers. The polymer here is polyethylene oxide. This polymer is really long and stretches so even if we stop tilting the top beaker, the fluid will stretch and keep pulling itself out of the higher beaker into the lower one once we start pouring it.
Steph: So the force of gravity is still there, but the polymer also exerts a force on itself through the chemical bonds that keep the molecules in the polymer bound together so that it keeps pulling itself out of the beaker even after I’ve stopped tilting it as much.
Audio: Ta-Da-1
{transition}
Steph: A similar thing happens in this next demo.
(Que ) - Camera 6: {Bead Chain}
Demo: {Siphon, Bead chain}
Steph: We see the beads look like they’re climbing out of the beaker. Let’s break think about what’s happening. Why do the beads keep falling out of the jar? This side of the chain (the side of the chain outside of the jar) feels a lot heavier than the loose bit of chain inside the jar. So there’s a force pulling the bit inside the jar out. But to get out of the jar it needs to change direction and fall. But that can’t happen instantaneously because that would require infinite force so it has to bend a little bit which is what we saw in the demo and answers the question of why it looks like the chain is jumping out of the jar.
Audio: Ta-Da-1
{transition}
Demo: {Bicycle wheel gyroscope}
Steph: This is called a gyroscope. If we let go of the axle, the wheel will fall as expected. But if Prof. Sprott could spin the wheel for me... Now if I let go of the handle, instead of falling the wheel precesses horizontally.
(ON B) - RGB {Lec Computer 1}: PPT SLIDE #10 -- Newton Law’s
Steph: Newton's first law of motion states that a body in motion continues to move at a constant speed along a straight line unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. So the top point on the gyroscope is acted on by the force of gravity and begins to move toward the left. It continues trying to move leftward because of Newton's first law of motion, but the gyro's spinning rotates it.
Audio: Ta-Da-1
{transition}
Demo: {Stack of cards}
(Que ) - Camera 6: {on Cards}
Steph: Here’s another demonstration that seems to defy the law of gravity. If we move this stack of cards out over the edge it looks like they should fall but they don’t! Let’s look at one card. As we slide it out of the edge gravity will exert a force on the side over the edge and the side on the table. Now objects that have more mass have more gravitational force pulling on them. As long as there is more mass on the table side of the card, the gravitational force there will be stronger than the force pulling the card down toward the ground. We can extend this idea to the stack of cards. As long as there is enough mass on the supported side, the cards won’t collapse. The Saint Louis Arch was designed this way.
(ON B) - RGB {Lec Computer 1}: PPT SLIDE #12 -- Saint Louis Arch
Audio: Ta-Da-1
{transition}
Demo: {Double Cone on Rails} {Object rolling uphill}
(Que ) - Camera 5,”4”, or 3: {Double Cone on Rails}
Steph: Gravity makes things roll downhill, *do demo* but here we see an object rolling uphill! If we want to understand what something is doing, we often consider its center of mass *point to where that is*. So if you focus on this point, you’ll it is moving downhill and the Law of Gravity is not defied!
Audio: Ta-Da-1
{transition}
(Que ) - Camera 5 or “3”: {on Ball & Cup}
Demo: {Faster the “g” Stick}
Audio: Ta-Da-1
Steph: Insert script….
Audio: Ta-Da-1
{transition}
Demo: {Come-back can}
(Que ) - Camera 6: {Come-back Can}
Steph: According to that level the table is flat. But let’s check to make sure *roll can*. Well that looks like maybe the level is wrong then. Hm… Let’s roll the can the other direction *rolls can*. Hm… so we know it can’t be uphill both ways. The can has a spring inside. As the can rolls, the spring gets wound up and exerts a force that returns the can where it started. The Law of Gravity is not violated!
Audio: Ta-Da-1
{transition}
Sprott: I have no further questions.
Peter: Thank you Dr. Stephicus
Audio: Ta-Da-Proud
{EXIT}
Peter: Professor Sprott, you have been accused of making water boil by cooling it in obvious violation of the Laws of Thermodynamics in a demonstration we saw you do. How do you plead?
{{ More Photos Needed }}
(ON B) - RGB {Lec Computer 1}: PPT SLIDE #14 -- Photos of Boiling with Ice
Sprott: I’m innocent Your Honor, and I’d like to call my second witness, Ed Leonard, to explain why...
{Ed enters.}
Audio: Theme Perry Mason-short.
Ed: Step right up, step right up! See the amazing Wonders of Physics. See marvels beyond belief! Here for one night only! Amazing fantastical demonstrations beyond compare!
Peter: Please just state your name and occupation.
{Ed turns on hotplate with water on it.}
{Ed also turns on the hot supply for the ice-water-boiling demo}
Ed: Ed Leonard’s the name, but the lion tamers and the snake charmers all call me Rex. That’s right Rex, ‘cause I’m the king o’ the carnival! I’ve got wonders galore. Feats unheard of. I’ll make the dubious believe. Don’t hesitate, bring your kids! Bring the family! Physics will astound you under the big top tent!
Stenographer: “Excuse Me!!!” … Would the witness please stop being so annoying?
Ed: Sure! I’ll be quiet as a mouse! Meek as a lamb! Sleepy as a kitty!
Stenographer: Thank goodness!!!!!!
Peter: Well, Ed, you’ve been called here to give testimony about some of Professor Sprott’s thermodynamics demonstrations.
Ed: The Amazing Professor Sprott! Wonder of Wonders! The Man in the Hat! The Tiger in the Tuxedo! Bringing you science with a smile, and a dance if you’re lucky. Step right up folks, and see the greatest show on Earth!
Sprott: Ed, that’s all very nice of you! But could you please tell the jury about the events of February 19th, 2006, where you witnessed a demonstration in which I boiled water using ice?
Ed: Now that you mention it, ol’ chap, I do believe that I’ve some recollection of you doing such a thing. It’s nothing compared to a trapeze artist boiling in mid-air, though!
(Que ) - Camera 6: {Boiling w/ice}
Sprott: Forget the trapeze!
{transition}
Demo: {Boiling Water with Ice}
Ed: Fine fine fine. {Moves over to demo} Here we have a bottle of water sitting upon a hotplate. {To jury} What will happen if I let this bottle of water stay on the hot plate for a longer time? “It will boil!” And at what temperature does water boil? “100 Celsius!” Good! So while we’re waiting for this water to start boiling, let’s talk about the phases of water.
Ed: Water, like many elements and molecules, can be found in three different phases of matter. Who can tell me one of the phases? And another? And the last one for water? Good!
(ON B) - RGB {Lec Computer 1}: PPT SLIDE #16a -- Graph a
{Slide: http://i.imgur.com/2tAYOaK.jpg }
Ed: As you can see, whether or not we see ice, water, or steam depends on the temperature and pressure of the H2O. If you look carefully at the curve,
(ON B) - RGB {Lec Computer 1}: PPT SLIDE #16b -- Graph b
{Slide: http://i.imgur.com/gJ50U4A.jpg }
Ed: you’ll notice that it’s possible to reduce the pressure below our lovely single atmosphere to a place where the water will prefer to be vapor at a temperature that is below 100 degrees Celsius, and that’s just what we’re going to do now that this water is already at 100 degrees.
{Ed removes boiling water from heat and waits a few seconds as the boiling stops before capping the system.}
Ed: Now that we have a nice hot water bottle, we’re bored! This isn’t doing anything but being hot! What do you think will happen if I put some ice on top of the glass? {Wait for responses.} Well, let’s find out!
{Ed places ice on beaker, waits in anticipation until finally the water starts to boil.}
Ed: By reducing the temperature of the water vapor in the bottle, we’ve reduced the boiling temperature of the water enough that the water is boiling! We could even go to more extreme points {Graph c} and make even room temperature water boil!
(ON B) - RGB {Lec Computer 1}: PPT SLIDE #16c -- Graph c
{Slide: http://i.imgur.com/hmQgAVf.jpg }
Audio: Ta-Da-1
{transition}
(Que ) - Camera 6: {Freezing by Evaporation}
Demo: {Freezing by Evaporation}
Ed: ……..Insert Script
Audio: Ta-Da-1
{transition}
(Que ) - Camera T1V1: {Leidenfrost}
Demo: {Leidenfrost Effect}
Peter: Well that’s all fine and dandy, but I have another document here saying that Sprott was able to move liquid without friction along a smooth surface! What say you about that!?
Ed: Boy that does sound pretty tough, but not as tough as balancing an elephant on a small chair!
Sprott: I did move liquid quickly along a smooth surface, but your honor made no mention of the temperatures of the liquid or the surface! Rex, have you seen me do this before?
{Ed moves to hotplate}
Ed: Glad you asked! I’ve got my handy hot plate and water dropper here and if you watch carefully, the water drops don’t do exactly what you would expect.
{Ed drops some water onto the hotplate and wow amaze it skids away}
Ed: As you can see, as I drop room temperature water on the hotplate, it simply skids away! This happens because the plate is so hot compared to the water that it boils the water closer to the surface quickly enough to keep a bed of water vapor (steam!) between the water and the surface.
{Slide: http://goo.gl/EU9zjw }
Ed: The same thing happens when we use liquid nitrogen! Does anyone in here know the boiling temperature of liquid nitrogen? {Waits for applause.} That’s right: -321F. The floor and tables in this room are at a balmy 70F. Does anyone think we’ll get the same effect right now? {Pour LN2 on floor and watch it spread.}
Audio: Ta-Da-1
{transition}
Demo: {Handheld LN2 Cannon}
Ed: ……..Insert Script
Audio: NitrogenCannon.wav
Audio: Ta-Da-1
{transition}
(Que ) - Camera #2: {Unflammable Money}
Demo: {Unflammable Money}
Ed: ……..Insert Script
Audio: Ta-Da-1
{transition}
Ed: Well that’s about all the evidence that I’ve got to show for this case. Now if it pleases the court, I’m sure many are interested in hearing about my newest take on Cirque du So-
“Peter Interrupts”
Nothing about you pleases the court. Fold up your circus tent and take your tap dancing elephants with you! The witness is dismissed!
Ed: Your loss; everyone else will see an elephant walking on a rope wearing a party hat! Tap dancing! The very idea!
{Ed leaves with a flourish of some sort.}
Audio: Ta-Da-Proud
{EXIT}
Peter: Professor Sprott, you have been accused of claiming that you can make sounds that cannot be heard. How do you plead?
(ON B) - RGB {Lec Computer 1}: PPT SLIDE #18 -- Photo of Dog Whistle
Sprott: I’m innocent Your Honor, and I’d like to call my third witness to explain why. I call to the stand Akire Trestrail.
{Akire enters, as the Weakling Vigilante and takes the witness stand.}
Audio: Theme PeopleCrt-short.
Sprott: Please state your name and occupation.
Akire: I’m Akire Trestrail, and I keep these streets safe for physics.
Peter: Is that your occupation?
Audio: Dog Bark
Akire: Well, it’s more of a hobby. Me and my crime fighting dog Sir Isaac {RUFF!} make sure that no one is breaking the laws. The laws of physics.
Peter: And how do you do that?
Akire: Well, I’ve got my trusty utility belt. Ultrasonic cleaner. Transimpedance amplifier. Sonic screwdriver. And of course Issac helps out with his magneto-optical trap!
Stenographer: “Excuse Me!!!” … Would the witness repeat that”?
Akire: Sure, That That That That THAT THAT THAT THAT THAT!!!!
Stenographer: Thank you, thank you!
Peter: And have you saved any physicists from certain doom?
(ON B) - RGB {Lec Computer 1}: PPT SLIDE #20 -- Doppler
Akire: Recently I heard my Doppler-warning sirens activate. Isaac and I suited up, I readied my boson-mobile, sure that the evil Doctor Schrödinger was on a terrible crime spree.
(ON B) - RGB {Lec Computer 1}: PPT SLIDE #21 -- Schrodinger
Peter: And was he?
Akire: Well, it turned out just to be a cat in a box. Isaac was very helpful though. Where is Isaac?
{Blows dog whistle. Isaac appears}
{{ Dog Pops UP somehow }}
Audio: Dog Bark
Demo: {Dog Whistle} -- on O-scope
Demo: {Tuning Fork - 440Hz} -- on O-scope
(Que ) - Computer T1C1: Oscilloscope #1
Akire: ….Insert O-scope script…something like this…. We can use this device called an “oscilloscope” to see what a sound wave looks like. You may not be able to hear this dog whistle like Isaac can, but with the aid of this Oscilloscope you can see what it looks like. to prove to you that this isn’t just noise, here is a tuning fork that you can hear. Lets see what that looks like. ...
Audio: Ta-Da-1
{transition}
(Que ) - Camera T1V2: {For Sound}
Demo: {Range of Hearing} {Turn down speakers}
Akire: Now I bet many of you are wondering how I called Sir Isaac without making a sound. Well the truth is, I did make a sound, except it was inaudible to most humans. To understand what I mean, you have to know what sound is. Sound is just a fluctuation of high and low air pressures. How quickly they fluctuate is called frequency. Dogs can hear faster fluctuations than can humans. Let me show you what I mean. That display over there shows the frequency of the sound. Raise your hand if you can hear anything. I will now gradually raise the frequency. Put your hand down when you no longer hear anything.
(ON B) - RGB {Lec Computer 1}: PPT SLIDE #23 - Range of Hearing Chart
Audio: Ta-Da-1
{transition}
(Que ) - Camera #6: {Ultrasonic Levitation}
Demo: {Ultrasonic Levitation}
{Needs to be cleaned up & wind/camera screen made}
Akire: So now that you’re familiar with ultrasound, would you like to see something really cool? Ok, we’ll generate another ultrasonic beam, then reflect the beam using this reflector.
(ON B) - RGB {Lec Computer 1}: PPT SLIDE #25 - Ultrasonic Levitation
Akire: What happens, is that as the beam reflects here, it sets up a standing wave. Remember that sound is a fluctuation of high and low pressures? Well the high pressure regions push the styrofoam balls to the low pressure regions where they become trapped. Isn’t that cool?
Audio: Dog Barking
{Isaac barks}
Akire: Uh oh, sounds like trouble. I better go see what it is. Last time Sir Isaac found Timmy stuck in a gravity well…
Audio: Ta-Da-Proud
{EXIT}
Peter: Professor Sprott, you have been accused of breaking Ohm’s Law. How do you plead?
(ON B) - RGB {Lec Computer 1}: PPT SLIDE #27 -- Photo of Plasma Discharge
Sprott: Innocent! You can’t break a law that’s not really a law.
Peter: NOT A LAW? You sir, are flirting with contempt of court!
Sprott: Not at all, your Honor. Allow me to call my next witness. I call Mike Randall to the stand.
{Mike enters.}
Audio: Theme PeopleCrt-short. or Theme Perry Mason-short.
Sprott: Please state your name and occupation.
{laughing maniacally}
Mike: I’m Mad Mike Randall! I teach mad science to…children!
{swearing Mike into the court --- use a E&M book ??? lines }
Peter: You want HIM as a WITNESS? Why are you wearing a cage on your head?
{Mike leaps at Peter, snapping and growling}
Stenographer: “Excuse Me!!!” … Is that one “r” or five?
Mike: Rrrrrr!
Stenographer: OK, that sounds like five.
Sprott: Mr. Randall, stop fooling around and explain what I mean.
Mike: Well! You can’t explain Ohm’s Law without understanding a few things first!
The world is made of stuff. Scientists like me call stuff matter. If you take any piece of matter, and start breaking it into smaller and smaller pieces, you’ll eventually end up with some teeny, tiny things that sound like a boy’s name. Those are called…
{jury response.}
Mike: Atoms! But atoms are made of even tinier things. Some of the tiniest things you’ll find are called…
{jury response.}
(Que ) - Camera #6: {Ohm’s Law Board}
Mike: Yes, electrons! So, what we typically call electricity is REALLY the movement energy of these little electrons!
Demo: {Ohm’s Law Board}
(ON B) - RGB {Lec Computer 1}: PPT SLIDE #29 - Ohm’s Law Slide
Mike: Ohm’s Law tells us about the relationship between how hard the electrons are being pushed (that’s called voltage, or V), how many electrons go by in a certain time (that’s called current, or I), and how much the material that the electrons are moving through resists their movement (that’s called…uh…resistance, or R). Resistance is is kinda like friction. (Resistance is futile!)
{No TaDa}
{Fast Transition to Pickle}
(Que ) - Camera #6: {Move to Pickle}
{{ BUY PICKLES }}
Mike: Now, by it’s definition, Ohm’s Law DEMANDS that the relationship between voltage and current is LINEAR. For example, if I double the voltage, the current MUST also double! EXCEPT…it doesn’t always work that way!
Demo: {Electric Pickle}
Lights: DIM --- then back up {House lights dim}
{Mike laughs maniacally as the house lights come up}
Audio: Ta-Da-1
Mike: I LOVE electrocuting pickles! Did you see it light up? Weird, huh! But that’s not the weirdest part! Electricity flowing through the pickle does NOT follow Ohm’s Law! Did you notice how the light from the pickle flickered? If the electricity in the pickle had been following Ohm’s Law, the light would have been constant and even. So why wasn’t it? In a pickle, the electric current is NOT carried by electrons! Salt in the pickle juice creates sodium and chlorine ions. Ions are atoms either missing electrons, or with extra electrons. It’s the ions that are carrying the current. Turns out that currents in ionic solutions are often not linearly proportional to the voltage.
{transition}
Mike: I want to tell you about another case where Ohm’s Law fails. But to do that, I’ll need a helper from the jury.
{Select jury Helper}
Mike: Hi! What’s your name? Well, ___, we talked earlier about what matter is. Do you know the states of matter?
{Kid and / or jury response.}
Demo: {States of Matter}
Audio: Ta-Da-Proud
{transition}
(Que ) - Camera #6: {Plasma Ball}
Mike: Wait! There’s one state of matter missing! What’s that called?
Demo: {Plasma Ball}
Audio: Ta-Da-1
Mike: Yes! Plasma! If you take ordinary matter, and hit it with extreme heat or high voltage, you can rip the electrons off the atoms. That’s what plasma is: an even mix of free electrons and atoms missing electrons - ions, remember?
Mike: Plasmas don’t follow Ohm’s Law either! In a plasma, the current is carried by electrons AND ions. AND, these moving electrons and ions make magnetic fields that affect how they move. The bottom line is, all this extra stuff going on means that the current in a plasma is not proportional to voltage.
{transition}
{Mike laughs maniacally}
Mike: Would you like to see what I can do with a plasma?
?? (ON B) - RGB {Lec Computer 1}: PPT SLIDE # 31 - Tesla
Demo: {Musical Tesla Coil } - “Imperial March”, with H2 Balloon ending
Lights: OFF --- then back up after balloon
Audio: Ta-Da-1
Mike: Clearly, the plasma is very hot! The sound is made by turning the electricity on & off hundreds of times a second. This causes the air to heat up and expand hundreds of times a second, making sound waves we can hear! The frequency, or pitch, of the note is determined by how often we turn the electricity on and off.
Peter: OK, OK, I think we get the point. Now, will somebody PLEASE put this guy back in his cage?
{Mike exits while continuing to leap and growl at Peter}
Audio: Ta-Da-Proud
{EXIT}
Peter: Professor Sprott, you have been accused of using magnets to push on electrons and accused of transferring electrical power without wires. How do you plead?
(ON B) - RGB {Lec Computer 1}: PPT SLIDE # 33 -- Photo of small Tesla Coil
Sprott: I’m innocent Your Honor, no such law of physics prevents this and I’d like to call my next witness, Andrew Seltzman, to explain why…
{Andrew enters and takes a seat in the witness stand.}
Audio: Theme Perry Mason-short.
{{ NOTE: Camera #5 turns B/W with low light levels…. }}
Sprott: Please state your name and occupation.
Andrew: I’m Andrew Seltzman, master of electromagnetic waves
Stenographer: “Excuse Me!!!” … Would the witness say that more slowly?
Andrew: Sure, Thhhhhhhhhaaaaaaaaaaaaaat
Stenographer: Thhhhaaaannnnnnank yooooouuuuuu
Peter: Professor Sprott, you have been accused of bending the path of moving electrons without pushing on them thus violating Newtons first law. How do you plead?
Sprott: Innocent! There is a force, it’s just the Lorentz force. Andrew, please explain.
(Que ) - Camera “#5” or #6: {e/m demo}
Andrew: Quite right, anything in motion stays in motion in a straight line until acted on by an external force, but although you are not touching the electrons directly, a magnetic field applies force on moving charge, such as electrons, thus bending the beam.
Demo: {e/m Demo} -- {bending a beam of electrons in a B field}
Andrew: By increasing the magnetic field even further, the electron beam can be bent into a circle.
{{ Slide Needs to be made }}
(ON B) - RGB {Lec Computer 1}: PPT SLIDE #35 -- Lorentz
Andrew: The Lorentz force pushes on the beam perpendicular to the direction of motion. As the beam changes direction, so does the force, making the electrons circle in the magnetic field like the moon circles the earth.
Audio: Ta-Da
{transition}
(Que ) - Camera T3V1: {Superconductor}
Demo: {Simple Eddy Current} -- {Superconductor}
{{ Need camera screen & Light }}
Andrew: A superconductor has no resistance, so once currents start flowing, they never stop. Since a changing magnetic field can drive currents, when a magnet is brought near a superconductor, the increasing field drives current in the superconducting disk. These currents generate a magnetic field that traps the magnet in place.
Audio: Ta-Da-1
{transition}
(Que ) - Camera #5 or #6: {Induction Heating}
Demo: {Induction Heating}
{paul nonn’s huge transformer inductively heating a wire loop}
Andrew: A strong changing magnetic field from this electromagnet can drive current in this metal ring. So much current flows, that the ring glows like the filament in a lightbulb.
Andrew: Ah, but there is a voltage; a changing magnetic field produces an electric field that encircles it. When the ring is placed in this electric field, current is driven around the loop. Since the loop has resistance, the flowing current heats it up.
Audio: Ta-Da
{transition}
(Que ) - Camera #6: {Microwave}
Demo: {Fluorescent light in microwave}
Andrew: When a fluorescent bulb is plugged in, the voltage from the light socket excites the gas into a plasma, heating it resistively just like the metal ring seen before. Electromagnetic waves including light and radio waves, such as those found in a microwave oven, carry energy. The radio waves within the microwave oven have a very rapidly changing electric field that excites the gas in the fluorescent bulb, causing it to glow.
Audio: Bell sound - “Ding”
Audio: Ta-Da-1
Peter: Thank you Andrew. I will take your evidence into consideration.
Audio: Ta-Da-Proud
{EXIT}
Peter: Professor Sprott, you have been accused of using magnets to attract and repel aluminum and copper, which everyone knows are not magnetic materials. How do you plead?
{{ More Photos are Needed }}
(ON B) - RGB {Lec Computer 1}: PPT SLIDE #37 -- Photo of Levitated Ball
Sprott: I’m innocent Your Honor, and I’d like to call my next witness, Michael Winokur, to explain why…
{Michael enters and takes a seat in the witness stand.}
Audio: Theme Perry Mason-short.
Sprott: Please state your name and occupation for the court.
Michael: Michael Winokur, scientist by day, but, because of my magnetic personality, Physics Party candidate by night.
Sprott: In your capacity as a scientist, have you ever seen me demonstrate levitation of an aluminum ball by an electromagnet?
Michael: Yes, of course I have; an excellent demonstration.
Sprott: Does that demonstration violate any laws of physics?
Michael: Laws, laws you ask? Did you know that a vote for me is a vote for Ampere’s Law and magnetic order(ing).
Sprott: That’s a great platform, but we’d really like to know more about the physics.
Michael: Nothing better! I love babies, I love physics, and I love Ampere’s Law!
Stenographer: “Excuse Me!!!” … Could you say that a little LOUDER?
Michael (shouting): THAT!!!!!!!
Stenographer: Thank you
Sprott: You have my vote, but can you please tell the jury how this relates to the demos I did?.
Peter: Professor Sprott, I don’t allow electoral shenanigans in my courtroom, please refrain yourself.
Sprott: Okay, let’s try try this. There’s one area of physics I’d like you to comment on, and that’s magnetism.
(Que ) - Camera T2V1: {Oersted Effect}
Michael: No problem, like I said I’ve got a magnetic personality. Ampere’s Law relates electric currents to magnetic fields. Here I’ll demonstrate.
{{ Need camera screen }}
Demo: {Oersted Effect - (but Vertically Mounted) }
Michael: In my pocket I have a compass which, as you will know, usually points to magnetic north. Here we have a wire with 20 amps of DC current flowing. Notice that my magnet will point out a circle of magnetic field around the wire. That is Ampere’s Law in action.
.Audio: Ta-Da-1
{transition}
Michael: In fact we can see the entire magnetic field using these iron filings.
?? Demo: {Wire with Iron Filings } ---------->> Find a Smaller - Simpler demo
(Que ) - Camera T2V2: {Document Camera}
Audio: Ta-Da-1
{transition}
Sprott: Well I do see a circle but how does this relate to my demos?
Michael: Ah, that’s the easy part. The magnet’s poles line up with the invisible magnetic field; just like the anonymous political action committees I get my campaign contributions from! (Bring out monopoly money)
(Que ) - Camera T2V2: {Cereal and Ferrofluid}
(Que ) - Camera T1V2 via T2V3: {Ferrofluid}
Demo: {Ferrofluid}
Michael: Magnetic Fluid Demo. If you are following my campaign then you know that many materials follow can be made to follow magnetic field lines. Among the most visually interesting are “magnetic fluids”. You can even make them at home with magneticl printer toner and vegetable oil! In this beaker is a magnetic fluid. Let’s set what a very strong magnet does. Ad lib.
Audio: Ta-Da-1 or Ooh and ahh.
{transition}
Michael: But that’s only half the story. Not everything is what or who it seems to be (Just look at me…) Just because something isn’t a magnet does mean it can’t have a magnetic attraction. There’s yet another law, Faraday’s Law of induction (and, just for the record, I am against the military draft!), which says a moving magnet will “induce” an electrical current in any metallic object. This current itself creates a magnetic field which then induces a force on the 1st object. This is called “Lenz’ Law”.
Michael: In fact we demonstrate Lenz’ Law by running a race and compare the nature of materials. Here we have a “two party” race….ad lib.
{Select jury helper}
(Que ) - Camera #6: {Helper}
Demo: {Simple Eddy Current} -- (Magnet falling in a metal tube)
Audio: Jeopardy
Audio: Ta-Da-Proud
{transition}
Michael: I’m planning to use this effect to prevent my polls from falling further (and I don’t mean magnetic poles).
(Que ) - Camera #4: {Can Crusher}
Demo: {Can Crusher}
{{ Look for a meter for audience }}
{Now force i.e. action at a distance}.
Michael: The magnetic forces can be quite strong. Here we will use a device that stores a large amount of electric charge to creates a really strong magnetic field which then will crush my political opponents….namely this can.
Audio: Ta-Da-1
Audio: Ball Game
Audio: Ta-Da-Proud
{transition}
(Que ) - Camera T?V?: {Levulator}
Demo: {Levulator }
{{ Need a Camera Screen }}
Michael: If we put all the elements of these laws together we can even appear magical! Here the forces alternate between attractive and repulsive, all politics aside, and suspend an object in mid air. Magnetically levitated trains use a similar process.
Audio: Ta-Da-1
Peter: Thank you Professor Winokur. I will take your evidence into consideration.
Audio: Ta-Da-Proud
{EXIT}
Peter: As the next witness I would like to call one of Prof. Sprott’s co-conspirators, who has been caught bending light with Prof. Sprott.
(ON B) - RGB {Lec Computer 1}: PPT SLIDE #39 -- Photo of water light guide
Audio: Doom March
Marty: I didn’t see nothin’.
Peter: I haven’t asked you any questions yet.
Marty: Good, ‘cause I ain’t answerin’ nothin’.
Peter: You will use proper grammar in this courtroom!
Marty: For what? This ain’t the Wonders of English.
Peter: I will hold you in contempt!
Marty: Never been to Contempt. Is it nice this time of year?
Peter: Now I’m angry.
Marty: Hello Angry. Pleased to meet you.
Peter: If you’re not careful you’ll go to jail for the rest of the year!
Marty: Well seeing as 2015 here is the International Year of Light, that’ll be a pretty light sentence. A light-year, if you will.
Peter: Now look here. We have evidence that you conspired to violate the laws of physics. If you don’t cooperate, you’ll find yourself in jail.
Marty: I’ve been trying to find myself. I’ve tried Hari Krishna.
Peter: On the 15th of February, 1992, you were seen to bend light. As we all know, light travels in straight lines.
Marty: But wait’a minute, I can bend light using a fiber optic tube!
Peter: AHA! So you admit your guilt!
Marty: Nah, it ain’t guilt, it’s physics! Let me show you!
{transition}
(Que ) - Camera #6: {Spiral Light Pipe}
Demo: {Spiral Light Pipe}
Lights: OFF --- then back up
Marty: …….????
{transition}
Audio: Ta-Da-1
(Que ) - Camera #5 or #6: {Water Gide}
Demo: {Water Light Guide}
Lights: OFF --- then back up
Marty: …….???
Audio: Ta-Da-1
{transition}
Peter: That’s just not right. An abomination to nature!
Marty: Nature? Nah, Nature don’t mind none. Ain’t you never seen a rainbow?
Peter: I don’t get out much.
Marty: Ah, well that’s a shame. Lemme show you one!
Lights: OFF --- then back up
Demo: {Rainbow }
Marty: …….???
Audio: Ta-Da-1
{transition}
Peter: Okay, so you can use some material to bend light. But it must violate the laws of physics to do so just in air.
Marty: You like the stars Mister?
Peter: Sure, I’m a big fan of George Clooney. He’s dreamy.
(ON B) - RGB {Lec Computer 1}: PPT SLIDE #41 -- George Clooney
(Que ) - Camera #4: {Twinkling Stars}
Marty: Jeez, you’ve got wax between your ears and nothin’ else. Not the movie stars, the stars in the night sky! We see their light bending all the time.
{{ Need White Screen for laser }}
Demo: {Twinkling Stars } - {Candle or meker burner}
Audio: Ta-Da-1
{transition}
Peter: Alright, so light can bend, and that’s perfectly allowed by the laws of physics. But you have also been caught changing the speed of light, and that is a horrendous crime!
Marty: Well then you’re in on the heist, buddy. We’ve already changed the speed of light three times in the last five minutes.
Peter: How dare you accuse me!
Marty: Hey, I’m not gonna judge ya.
Peter: That’s my job.
Marty: We’d’a gone an’ changed the speed of light in every demo so far. But I’ll let you in on a little secret. Let’s just say it fell off the back of a truck. The speed of light is always the same in a vacuum, but when light goes through some material, it interacts with the atoms in the material, and that slows it down.
Peter: Well just what
Demo: {Speed of Light}
(Que ) - Computer T1PC2: {O-Scope 2}
Marty: We’d’a gone an’ changed the speed of light in every demo so far. But I’ll let you in on a little secret. Let’s just say it fell off the back of a truck. The speed of light is always the same in a vacuum, but when light goes through some material, it interacts with the atoms in the material, and that slows it down. Let’s see if we can measure that.
Audio: Ta-Da-1
Audio: Ta-Da-Proud
{EXIT}
Sprott: I hope that I’ve convinced you that I have not broken the laws of physics. In fact, it’s impossible to break the laws of physics. Unlike the laws that our legislators pass and that lawyers and juries debate, the laws of physics are true everywhere in the Universe and for all time. But every law has a regime in which it applies, and we must be careful not to try to use it where it doesn’t apply. Occasionally we’re able to modify a law so that it applies for a wider range of conditions, but the laws of physics cannot be broken. I hope that you the jury will agree that I’m innocent of these charges and that I can continue to make presentations of The Wonders of Physics for many years to come.
Peter: Does the jury have a verdict? All those who think Professor Sprott is innocent of these crimes, respond by saying “aye.” All those who think he is guilty, respond by saying “no”... I’m pleased to report that the eyes are above the nose! Court is dismissed. (bangs gavel)
Sprott: Thanks for that lesson in anatomy. I’m delighted that you’ve found me innocent, and I certainly intend to continue showing you how the laws of physics explain the world around us for many years to come.
Sprott: And now I’d like to make my triumphant exit with the demonstration we’ve used to end every presentation of The Wonders of Physics for the past 32 years by making for you a cloud...
Demo: {LN2 Cloud}
(ON B) - RGB {Lec Computer 1}: PPT SLIDE # 43- Clouds / Thank You
(ON B) - DVD Video: Theme music video
Audio: WOP Theme-long-3m22s.wav
{The show concludes with Sprott disappearing in the Liquid Nitrogen Cloud. Theme music video plays. Cast enters from right and left doors and bows in unison.}
